Long tap an icon on your home screen until they wiggle. Click in the upper left corner. You can now add different widgets based on your needs - there are plenty of apps for this, but Widgetsmith is worth checking out.
How to Add widgets
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How to Add a webpage to your home screen
Download Glimpse from the app store and add a webpage to the app.
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How to Customize Your iPhone Home Screen: Widgets, Icons, and More
Learn how to personalize your iPhone home screen with custom app icons, widgets, and webpage shortcuts